Glossary

the book of Genesis

The following proper nouns identify people and places mentioned in the primary biblical text for the Turning to God’s Word Bible study In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Spelling, capitalization, and hyphenation follow the style used in the Revised Standard Version Second Catholic Edition (RSV2CE). Online Scripture links to the Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition follow the same spelling, capitalization, and hyphenation style as that used in the RSV2CE and in the reprinted biblical text in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.

In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis features genealogical charts based on lineages listed in the biblical text. These are “Adam to Noah’s Three Sons” on page 29, “Noah to Abram & Lot” on page 41, “The Line of Terah” on page 75, “Abraham’s Children” on page 87, “Children of Esau & Children of Jacob” on page 118. In addition, there’s one final chart, “The Children of Israel Go Down to Egypt” on page 151. The map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis shows locations of major settlements and geographical markers, and there are other maps scattered throughout In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.

Abel—Abel was the second son born to Adam and Eve after the Fall. The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of how he was slain by his brother Cain. Abel means “breath” or “son.” Lesson 4
Abel-mizraim—Abel-mizraim was the name given by the Canaanites to the threshing floor of Atad where friends and family of Jacob mourned Jacob’s death. Details are recorded in the fiftieth chapter in the book of Genesis. Abel-mizraim means “meadow of Egypt” or “mourning of Egypt.” Lesson 28
Abida—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Abida as a grandson of Abraham; Abida’s father was Midian, born to Keturah after Sarah died. Abida means “father of knowledge.” Lesson 15
Abima-el—Abima-el was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Both Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Abima-el means “father sent from God.” Lesson 7
Abraham/Abram—The Old Testament frequently refers to three major patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and their covenant with God. Abraham is honored as father of the faith by Christians and Jews, and much of the book of Genesis is devoted to recording details of his life and the lives of his immediate descendants. The eighth chapter in the book of Genesis describes Abram receiving God’s instructions to leave Haran with his wife Sarai and his nephew Lot. Details of Abram and Sarai’s renaming by God appear in the seventeenth chapter in the book of Genesis. Before he received the name Abraham from God, Abraham’s name was Abram, which means “exalted father.” The name Abraham means “father of multitudes” or “father of many.” Lessons 7–15,21,28
Abimelech—Abimelech was the king of Gerar. Details of his encounter with Abraham and Sarah are recorded in the twentieth and twenty-first chapters in the book of Genesis. Scholars speculate that the king of Gerar named Abimelech, who later had a remarkably similar encounter with Abraham’s son Isaac and Isaac’s wife Rebekah, was the son of the first Abimelech. Details of the second encounter are recorded in the twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. Abimelech means “my father is king.” Lessons 12,15
Accad—Accad was a descendant of Nimrod; Accad’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, which often is called the “Table of Nations.” Accad means “brave” or “from the heart.” Lesson 7
Achbor—Achbor was the father of Baal-hanan; Achbor is listed in the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis as one of the rulers of Edom before any kings ruled over the 12 tribes of Israel. Achbor means “gnawing.” Lesson 21
Adah—Adah first appears in the fourth chapter in book of Genesis as a name for one of Lamech’s two wives. Adah reappears later in the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis as a different person, one of Esau’s Canaanite wives, a daughter of Elon the Hittite. The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis doesn’t include anyone named Adah as a wife of Esau. It’s difficult to resolve apparent contradictions in Scripture concerning Esau’s wives. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath, and that Judith and Oholibamah were the same person. All biblical accounts suggest that Esau’s Canaanite wives made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah. The thirty-sixth chapter records that Adah was the mother of Esau’s son Eliphaz. Adah means “adornment” or “ornament.” Lessons 4,21
Adam—Adam was the first human being created by God. Details of his Creation and Fall are recorded in the third through fifth chapters in the book of Genesis. Adam means “ground” or “earth.” Lessons 3–5
Adbeel—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Adbeel as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Adbeel means “vapor.” Lesson 15
Admah—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, the ancient town of Admah establishes boundaries in the land of Canaan. Admah refers to a region ruled by the king Shinab; it was one of the territories involved in a battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. The location of Admah is shown on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Admah means “red earth.” Lesson 7–8
Adullamite—Adullam was the home of Judah’s friend Hirah, referred to as an Adullamite or resident of Adullam in thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis. Adullam means “their testimony” or “their prey.” Lesson 23
Ahuzzath—Ahuzzath was an advisor to Abimelech. Details are described in the twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. Ahuzzath means “imperturbable” or “self-possessed.” Lesson 15
Ai—The twelfth chapter in the book of Genesis locates Ai as a site where Abram pitched his tent in the land of Canaan. Ai is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Ai means “heap of ruins.” Lesson 8
Aiah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Aiah as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Aiah means “falcon.” Lesson 21
Akan—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Akan as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Akan means “sharp-sighted.” Lesson 21
Allon-bacuth—Allon-bacuth is another name for Bethel, the location where Rebekah’s nurse Deborah died and was buried. Details are recorded in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. Allon-bacuth means “oak of weeping.” Lesson 21
Almighty—When capitalized as a noun, Almighty is a title that emphasizes the omnipotence and all-powerful nature of God. It is used throughout Scripture.
Almodad—Almodad was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Almodad means “immeasurable” or “beloved.” Lesson 7
Alvah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Alvah as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Alvah means “his highness” or “brightness.” Lesson 21
Alvan—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Alvan as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Alvan means “tall and noble friend.” Lesson 21
Amalek/Amalekites—The Amalekites were descendants of Jacob’s brother Esau; Amalek can refer to Esau’s grandson born to Eliphaz’s concubine Timna, or Amalek can refer to all of his descendants. The Amalekites were related to the Edomites but distinct from them. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Amalekites being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. Amalek’s genealogy is listed in the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. The territory inhabited by the Amalekites is shown on maps on pages 157 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Amalek means “evil eye of doubt.” Lessons 8,21
Ammonites—The nineteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the Ammonites were descendants of Ben-ammi, the son of an incestuous union between Lot and Lot’s younger daughter; the descendants of Moab, the son born of incest between Lot and his elder daughter, were called Moabites. The territory inhabited by the Ammonites is shown on maps on pages 65, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Ben-Ammi means “son of my people,” and Moab means “seed of the father.” Lesson 11
Amorites—The Amorites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan as home to the Amorites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. The Amorites also are named in prophecy in the fifteenth chapter foretelling how long the Israelites would be in Egypt. Scholars speculate that the Amorites originated in western Mesopotamia; they often are considered to be identical to the Perizzites, but Perizzites might describe Canaanites living in rural areas. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Amorites being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Jacob bequeathed a mountain in the land of Canaan to his son Joseph. The territory inhabited by the Amorites is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Amorite means “talk” or “promise.” Lessons 7–9,28
Amraphel—Amraphel was a king who ruled over the region of Shinar, one of territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. Amraphel means “paternal kinsman.” Lesson 8
Anah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies two men named Anah—one a son of Seir the Horite and the other a son of Zibeon the Hivite. Anah means “patience” or “perseverance.” Lesson 21
Anamim—Anamim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Anamim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Anamim means “a fire that spreads.” Lesson 7
Aner—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Aner as an Amorite and an ally of Abram. Aner means “male.” Lesson 8
Aram/Aramean—Aram was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Aram’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, which often is called the “Table of Nations.” The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies a different Aram as a grandson of Abraham’s brother Nahor. The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Bethuel and his son Laban were Arameans. The geographical area known as Aram, which may be synonymous with Paddan-aram, is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Aram means “child of the sun.” Lessons 7,13,15–16,18
Aran—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Aran as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Aran means “healer” or “boundary of the Chaldeans.” Lesson 21
Ararat—Ararat, a mountain range in Turkey, is mentioned in connection with the Great Flood in the eighth chapter in the book of Genesis. Ararat means “the curse reversed.” Lesson 6
Ard—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ard as a son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Ard moved with the family to Egypt. Ard means “the one who commands.” Lesson 27
Areli—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Areli as a son of Gad and a descendant of Jacob; Areli moved with the family to Egypt. Areli means “lion of God.” Lesson 27
Arioch—Arioch was a king who ruled over the region of Ellasar, one of territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. Arioch means “fierce lion” or “venerable.” Lesson 8
Arkites—The Arkites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan; scholars speculate that they might be related to the Phoenicians or Sidonians. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, which often is called the “Table of Nations.” The exact meaning of Arkites is uncertain. Lesson 7
Arodi—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Arodi as a son of Gad and a descendant of Jacob; Arodi moved with the family to Egypt. Arodi means “fleeing” or “wild ass.” Lesson 27
Arpachshad—Arpachshad was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Arpachshad’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Arpachshad means “healer” or “boundary of the Chaldeans.” Lesson 7
Arvadites—The Arvadites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Arvadites means “avarice” or “plunder.” Lesson 7
Asenath—The forty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records that Pharaoh gave Asenath to Joseph in marriage. Asenath was the daughter of Potiphera, an Egyptian priest. Asenath means “belonging to Neith.” Lessons 24,27
Ashbel—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ashbel as a son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Ashbel moved with the family to Egypt. Ashbel means “reproof of God.” Lesson 27
Asher—Asher was the eighth of Jacob’s 12 sons; Asher’s mother was Zilpah, the handmaid of Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Asher’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Asher who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including prophecy that Asher’s descendants would obtain material wealth and prestige. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Asher is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Asher means “happy” and “blessed.” Lessons 17,21,27,28
Ashkenaz—Ashkenaz was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Ashkenaz’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Ashkenaz means “a fire that spreads.” Lesson 7
Ashteroth-karnaim—Ashteroth-karnaim was a city of the Rephaim in Bashan east of the Jordan River. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Rephaim being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. Ashteroth-karnaim means “Astarte of the two horns,” suggesting a pagan goddess thought to have great strength. Lesson 8
Asshur—Asshur was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Asshur’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Asshur and Nimrod each are credited with establishing Assyria. Although scholars are uncertain about which person actually was responsible, the ancient region of Assyria might have been named after Asshur, which means “happy” or “upright.” Lesson 7
Asshurim—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Asshurim as a grandson of Abraham; Asshurim’s father was Dedan, born to Keturah after Sarah died. Asshurim means “mighty ones” or “dwellers of the plain.” Lesson 15
Assyria—Assyria is mentioned in connection with the Garden of Eden in the second chapter in the book of Genesis. In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, Nimrod is identified as the builder of Nineveh, a major city in the ancient region of Assyria. Assyria also is briefly mentioned later in the book of Genesis. The location of Assyria is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 2,7,15
Atad—The fiftieth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Atad was either the site or the owner of the threshing floor where friends and family of Jacob mourned Jacob’s death. Atad means “buckthorn.” Lesson 28
Avith—Avith, a royal city inhabited by Hadad, a king in Edom before there were any kings ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel, is mentioned in the thirty-sixth chapter of the book of Genesis. Avith also is called Bozrah. Avith means “wicked “or “perverse.” Lesson 21

—B—

Baal-hanan—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Baal-hanan is identified as a king in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Baal-hanan means “Baal has been gracious.” Lesson 21
Babel—The tenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Nimrod as the founder of the city of Babel; the eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis goes on to describe details pertaining to the failed construction of the Tower of Babel in the land of Shinar, located in the southern part of Mesopotamia. Bable means “to confuse.” Lesson 7
Babylon—The location of Babylon is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.
Basemath—The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Esau’s wife Basemath was the daughter of Elon the Hittite. The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Esau’s wife Basemath as a daughter of Ishmael. It’s difficult to resolve these apparent contradictions in Scripture. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath, and that Judith and Oholibamah were the same person. All biblical accounts suggest that Esau’s Canaanite wives made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah. The thirty-sixth chapter records that Basemath was the mother of Esau’s son Reuel. Basemath means “sweet-smelling” or “sweet smile.” Lessons 15,21
Becher—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Becher as a son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Becher moved with the family to Egypt. Becher means “first fruits.” Lesson 27
Bedad—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Bedad is listed as the father of Hadad, a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Bedad means “alone.” Lesson 21
Be-eri—The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Be-eri was a Hittite and the father of Esau’s wife Judith. Scripture records that Esau’s Canaanite wives made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah, but the names and lineages of those wives are inconsistent; Judith isn’t mentioned at all in the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. Scholars speculate that Judith also went by Oholibamah. Be-eri means “my well.” Lesson 15
Beer-lahai-roi—The sixteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Beer-lahai-roi was the place where Hagar, pregnant and fleeing the home of Abram and Sarai, encountered an angel of the LORD who encouraged her to return. The twenty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis notes that Isaac had been at Beer-lahai-roi and was staying in the Negeb when he met his wife-to-be Rebekah. The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Isaac dwelt in Beer-lahai-roi after the death of Abraham. The location of Beer-lahai-roi is shown on maps on pages 47, 71, 81, 93, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Beer-lahai-roi means “well of the vision of life.” Lessons 9,14–15
Beer-sheba—The twenty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records details of Hagar’s wandering in the vicinity of Beer-sheba. Beer-sheba is mentioned throughout the book of Genesis as a significant location. The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the LORD appeared to Isaac at Beer-sheba, and also that Beer-sheba was the place where Isaac met with Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. The location of Beer-sheba is shown on maps on pages 71, 93, and 70 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Beer-sheba means “well of the oath” and is related to Shibah, which means “oath” and was the name Isaac gave to the location. Lessons 12–13,16,27
Bela—Bela refers to a town also called Zoar; it was located near the Salt Sea. Although the king of Bela isn’t named in the fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis, he’s identified as one of nine kings involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Bela is described as a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists another Bela as a son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Bela moved with the family to Egypt. The location of Bela is shown on maps on pages 47, 65, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Bela means “white” or “heart.” Lessons 8,21,27
Ben-ammi—The nineteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Ben-ammi was the son of an incestuous union between Lot and Lot’s younger daughter; Ben-ammi’s descendants were called Ammonites. The descendants of Moab, the son born of incest between Lot and his elder daughter, were called Moabites. Ben-Ammi means “son of my people,” and Moab means “seed of the father.” Lesson 11
Benjamin—Benjamin was the last of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s favorite wife Rachel. The births of Benjamin’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth and thirtieth chapters in the book of Genesis. Benjamin originally was named Ben-oni by his mother, who died shortly after giving birth to him. Details of Benjamin’s birth are recorded in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Benjamin who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including praise for Benjamin’s ravenous nature. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Benjamin is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Benjamin means “son of my old age,” the name given him by his father. Ben-oni, the name given Benjamin by his mother, means “son of my sorrow.” Lessons 11,21,25–28
Ben-oni—Ben-oni was the name given Benjamin by his mother Rachel before she died. Details of his birth are described in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. Ben-oni means “son of my sorrow.” Lesson 21
Beor—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Beor as the father of Bela, a ruler in Edom before earthly monarchs ruled over the 12 tribes of Israel. Beor means “a burning.” Lesson 21
Bera—Bera was a king who ruled over the region of Sodom, one of territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. Bera means “son of evil.” Lesson 8
Bered—The sixteenth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Bered as a landmark by which to locate Beer-lahai-roi. Lesson 9
Beriah—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Beriah as a son of Asher and a descendant of Jacob; Beriah moved with the family to Egypt. Two sons of Beriah also moved to Egypt. Beriah means “gift” or “evil.” Lesson 27
Bethel—Bethel is mentioned in the twelfth and thirteenth chapters in the book of Genesis as a place Abram visited early after his arrival in the land of Canaan. In the twenty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis, Bethel is identified by Jacob as the site of the “house of God,” the meaning of the word Bethel. In the thirty-first chapter in the book of Genesis Jacob refers to the “God of Bethel.” Up until that time, Bethel had been known as Luz, which means “almond tree.” In the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis, God sends Jacob back to Bethel. The location of Bethel is shown on maps on pages 47, 93, 123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 8–9,12,16,18,21,28
Bethlehem—Bethlehem, also called Ephrath and Allon-bacuth, is mentioned in the thirty-fifth and forty-eighth chapters in the book of Genesis as the place where Jacob buried Rachel. The location of Bethlehem is shown on maps on pages 12 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Bethlehem means “house of bread.” Lessons 21,28
Bethuel—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Bethuel as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Bethuel the Aramean also is identified as the father of Rebekah, who becomes Isaac’s wife. Scholars speculate that Bethuel is related to Bethel, which means “house of God.” Lessons 13–16
Bilhah—The twenty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Laban gave Biljah as a handmaid to his daughter Rachel. As Jacob’s concubine, Bilhah became the mother of two of Jacob’s 12 sons—Dan and Naphtali. The thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Reuben angered Jacob by sleeping with Bilhah. Her sons and their immediate descendants who go to Egypt are listed in the forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. Bilhah means “unworried.” Lessons 17,21–22,27
Bilhan—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Bilhan as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Bilhan means “bashful” or “modest.” Lesson 21
Birsha—Birsha was a king who ruled over the region of Gomorrah, one of territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. Birsha means “son of wickedness.” Lesson 8
Bozrah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Bozrah as a region that was home to Zerah, the father of Jobab; Jobab was a ruler in Edom before any earthly monarchs ruled over the 12 tribes of Israel. Bozrah means “sheepfold” or “enclosure.” Lesson 21
Buz—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Buz as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Buz means “contempt.” Lesson 13

—C—

Cain—Cain was the first son born to Adam and Eve. The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of how he killed his brother Abel. Cain means “acquired.” Lesson 4
Calah—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, Nimrod is identified as the builder of Calah, an ancient city located in upper Mesopotamia in what is now Iraq. Calah means “opportunity.” Lesson 7
Canaan/Canaanites—Canaan was a son of Ham and grandson of Noah, and his descendants are listed in the Table of Nations in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis. The catch-all term Canaanites is used throughout the book of Genesis to refer to a variety of peoples who inhabited the land of Canaan before the Israelites. These include the Sidonians, the Hittites, the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. The geographical location of the land of Canaan is the setting for the book of Genesis and is shown on maps in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. The twenty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records how Isaac determines that Jacob shouldn’t marry a Canaanite woman, even though Jacob’s brother Esau has Canaanite wives. Canaan means “humbled” or “subdued.”
Caphtorim—Caphtorim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Egypt. Caphtorim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Caphtorim may mean “protected” or “redeemed.” Lesson 7
Carmi—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Carmi as a son of Reuben and a descendant of Jacob; Carmi moved with the family to Egypt. Carmi means “generous.” Lesson 27
Casluhim—Casluhim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Egypt. Casluhim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The Casluhim are considered the traditional ancestors of the Philistines. Casluhim means “barren mountain.” Lesson 7
Chaldeans—The Chaldeans were a warlike people assimilated into Babylon, which in the present day is southern Iraq. They eventually became synonymous with the Babylonians. Many Chaldeans became astrologers, giving the Chaldeans a reputation as “occultists” or “magi.” Ur of the Chaldeans is identified in the tenth and fifteenth chapters in the book of Genesis as the place of Abram’s birth. The location of Ur of the Chaldeans is indicated on maps on pages 47 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lesson 7,9
Ched-or-laomer—Ched-or-laomer was a king who ruled over the region of Elam, one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. Ched-or-laomer means “handful of sheaves.” Lesson 8
Cheran—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Cheran as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Cheran means “anger.” Lesson 21
Chesed—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Chesed as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Chesed means “kindness” or “love between people.” Lesson 13
Chezib—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Chezib as the place where Shelah was born. Chezib was a town in the central part of the land of Canaan; it was located not far from Adullam. Chezib means “false hopes.” Lesson 23
Cush—Cush was descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. His lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Cush means “having a dark countenance.” The second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies the geographical land of Cush as being in the vicinity of the Garden of Eden. A potential location of the land of Cush is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden.” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 2,7

—D—

Damascus—Damascus was a dominant power in the ancient Middle East. The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Damascus was the home of Eliezar, the slave slated to inherit from Abram if Abram died childless. The location of Damascus is indicated on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Damascus means “to the left.” Lessons 8–9
Dan—Dan was the fifth of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Bilhah, the handmaid of Jacob’s wife Rachel. The births of Dan’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hushim as the son of Dan; Hushim moved with the family to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including prophecy that Dan’s descendants would try to tempt the rest of his kin to fall away from the LORD. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Dan is shown on maps on pages 47, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Dan means “God is my judge.” Lessons 8,17,21,27–28
Day—The first chapter in the book of Genesis records that at the beginning of Creation, God divided the light from the darkness and called the light Day. Lesson 1
Dead Sea—See Salt Sea.
Deborah—The thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Deborah was Rebekah’s nurse who died and was buried under an oak tree near Bethel. Deborah means “bee.” Lesson 21
Dedan—Dedan was descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. His lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists another Dedan as the son of Joktan. Dedan means “move slowly.” Lessons 7,15
Diklah—Diklah was one of the sons of Joktan; Joktan was the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Diklah means “palm tree.” Lesson 7
Dinah—The thirtieth chapter in the book of Genesis records the birth of Dinah to Leah. Dinah was the only daughter born to Jacob, and her birth occurred after Jacob’s tenth son Zebulun was born. Details related to Dinah that concern difficulties encountered by Jacob and his family in the land of Canaan are recorded in the thirty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Dinah moved with the family to Egypt. Dinah means “justified” or “God will judge.” Lessons 17,20,27
Dinhabah—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Dinhabah is identified as a city in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Dinhabah means “robbers’ den.” Lesson 21
Dishan—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Dishan as a son of Seir the Horite. Dishan means “antelope.” Lesson 21
Dishon—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Dishon as a son of Seir the Horite, and the same chapter lists another Dishon as a grandson born to Anah. Dishon means “fatness” or “opulence.” Lesson 21
Dodanim—Dodanim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Dodanim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Dodanim means “beloved.” Lesson 7
Dothan—The thirty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Dothan as one of the last places in the land of Canaan Joseph travels to before his brothers sell him into slavery. The location of Dothan is shown on maps on pages 123 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Dothan means “decree” or “well.” Lesson 22
Dumah—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Dumah as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Dumah means “silence.” Lesson 15

—E—

Earth—In the first Creation story in the first chapter in the book of Genesis, God creates the Earth on the third day. Lesson 1
Ebal—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ebal as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Ebal means “barren” or “stone.” Lesson 21
Eber—Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name, was a descendant of Noah in the line of Shem. Eber was the father of Joktan and Peleg, whose lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Eber means “the other side” or “across.” Lesson 7
Eden—The second chapter in the book of Genesis records that as part of Creation God planted a garden, which he named Eden. The third chapter in the book of Genesis records details of humanity’s expulsion from that garden. A potential location of the Garden of Eden is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Eden means “delight.” Lessons 2,3
Eder—The thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that after Rachel dies, Jacob moves on from Bethlehem and pitches his tent past the tower of Eder, which sometimes is called Migdol-Eder. Scholars are divided about the exact location of Eder. Eder means “watchtower of the flock.” Lesson 21
Edom/Edomites, Seir—The land of Edom, also sometimes called Seir or land of Seir, was a region south of the Dead Sea. It was the place where Jacob’s twin brother Esau settled. Before that time, the area was occupied by the Horites. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Horites being subdued by the four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. The twenty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis describes the beginning of the long history of bad blood between the descendants of Jacob and the descendants of Esau, also called Edom, which means “red.” The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the descendants of Esau as well as the descendants of Seir the Horite. The location of Edom is shown on maps on pages 109, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 12,15,19,21
Egypt/Egyptians—Egypt was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Egypt’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The twenty-first chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Sarah’s handmaid Hagar as an Egyptian. Scholars are uncertain of the meaning of the word Egypt, although it appears to be related to the idea of “place.” In Scripture, the geographical land of Egypt often appears as a place of refuge, especially during times of famine. In the twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, the LORD warns Isaac to go to Gerar instead of to Egypt to escape the famine. In the forty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis, the term land of Rameses refers to the land of Egypt. The geographical location of Egypt is indicated on maps on pages 47, 71, 81, 93, 109, 123, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 7–8,12,15,22–28
Ehi—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ehi as the son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Ehi moved with the family to Egypt. Ehi means “union.” Lesson 27
Elah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Elah as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Elah means “strength of an oak.” Lesson 21
Elam—Elam was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Elam’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Elam as one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The location of Elam is indicated on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Elam means “eternity” or “hidden.” Lessons 7–8
El-bethel—The thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Jacob names Bethel “El-bethel,” which means “house of God.” Lesson 21
Eldaah—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Eldaah as a grandson of Abraham; Eldaah’s father was Midian, born to Keturah after Sarah died. Eldaah means “whom God has called.” Lesson 15
El-Elohe-Israel—The thirty-third chapter in the book of Genesis records that when Jacob returned safely to the land of Canaan from Paddan-aram, he built an altar to God at Shechem and named the altar El-Elohe-Israel, which means “mighty one” or “God of Israel.” Lesson 19
Eliezar—The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Eliezar of Damascus as a slave in Abram’s household who was to become Abram’s heir if Abram died childless. Eliezar means “God is my help.” Lesson 9
Eliphaz—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the mother of Esau’s son Eliphaz was Adah. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath. Eliphaz means “God is purification.” Lesson 21
Elishah—Elishah was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Elishah’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Elishah means “God is my salvation.” Lesson 7
Ellasar—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Ellasar as one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The location of Ellasar is indicated on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Ellasar means “eternity” or “hidden.” Lesson 8
Elon—The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Elon was a Hittite and the father of Esau’s wife Basemath. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists a different Elon as a son of Zebulun and a descendant of Jacob; Elon moved with the family to Egypt. Elon means “oak tree.” Lessons 15,21,27
El-paran—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis lists El-paran as one of the limits of territory occupied by the Horites. Lesson 8
Emim—The Emim were a tall, warlike tribe of Canaanites who dwelt in southern Palestine. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Emim at Shaveh-kiriathaim being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. Emim means “dreaded ones.” Lesson 8
Enaim—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Tamar sat at the entrance to Enaim pretending to be a harlot in order to attract the attention of Judah. It was in this way that Tamar became the mother of Perez and Zerah. Enaim means “two fountains.” Lesson 23
En-mishpat—See Kadesh.
Enoch—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Cain’s son was Enoch. The fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records another Enoch born later into the line of Adam and Eve’s son Seth. Enoch means “dedicated” or “disciplined.” Lessons 4–5
Enosh—The fourth and fifth chapters in the book of Genesis record that Seth named his son Enosh. Enosh means “man” or “frail flesh.” Lessons 4–5
Ephah—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ephah as a grandson of Abraham; Ephah’s father was Midian, born to Keturah after Sarah died. Ephah means “gloom” or “covering.” Lesson 15
Epher—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Epher as a grandson of Abraham; Epher’s father was Midian, born to Keturah after Sarah died. Epher means “quick” or “ethereal.” Lesson 15
Ephraim—The forty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records that Ephraim was the second son born to Joseph and his Egyptian wife Asehath. The forty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of Jacob’s adoption of Joseph’s sons, including that Ephraim was treated as the firstborn. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Ephraim, first referred to as the half-tribe of Ephraim because Joseph’s two sons shared Joseph’s inheritance there, is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Ephraim means “I will be fruitful.”  Lessons 24,27–28
Ephrath—See Bethlehem.
Ephron—The twenty-third chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Ephron the Hittite as the owner of the cave at Mach-pelah, which Abraham bought to use as a burial place for his wife Sarah. In the forty-ninth chapter, Jacob asks his 12 sons to bury him in the cave at Mach-pelah. Ephron means “fawn-like.” Lessons 13,15,28
Er—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Er as the elder son of Judah. The same chapter records that Tamar was Er’s wife, but that Er was wicked in the sight of the LORD and died before Tamar could bear any children. Er means “watcher.” Er and his brother Onan both died before the family of Jacob moved to Egypt. Lessons 23,27
Erech—The tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations,” identifies Nimrod as the founder of the city of Erech in the land of Shinar, located in the southern part of Mesopotamia. The ancient city now is an excavation site. Erech means “to draw out.” Lesson 7
Eri—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Eri as a son of Gad and a descendant of Jacob; Eri moved with the family to Egypt. Eri means “worshiper.” Lesson 27
Esau—Esau was the fraternal twin brother of Jacob and figures prominently in the story of Jacob’s life. The twenty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis records how Jacob and Rebekah tricked Isaac into giving Jacob the patriarchal blessing originally intended for Esau. The thirty-second chapter in the book of Genesis records details of Jacob’s return to the land of Canaan and his meeting there with his brother Esau. The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the descendants of Esau. Esau means “hairy” or “rough.” Lessons 15–16,19,21
Eschol—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Eschol as an Amorite ally of Abram. Eschol means “cluster of grapes.” Lesson 8
Esek—The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Esek was the name of a well fought over by Isaac’s herdsmen and the herdsmen of Gerar. Esek means “contention.” Lesson 15
Eshban—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Eshban as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Eshban means “man of understanding.” Lesson 21
Euphrates—The Euphrates River is located in Mesopotamia to the north and east of the land of Canaan; it was one of the boundaries of the geographical region that God promised to the descendants of Abraham. It is mentioned throughout the book of Genesis. The location of the Euphrates River is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Euphrates means “great river” and is related to the word for “copper.”
Eve—Eve was the first woman created by God. Details of the Creation and Fall are recorded in the third and fourth chapters in the book of Genesis. Eve means “living one” or “source of life.” Lessons 3,4
Everlasting God—The twenty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records that Beer-sheba is related to Everlasting LORD, one of the titles by which Abraham referred to God. Lesson 12
Ezbon—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ezbon as a son of Gad and a descendant of Jacob; Ezbon moved with the family to Egypt. Ezbon means “hastening to understand.” Lesson 27
Ezer—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ezer as a son of Seir the Horite. Ezer means “to rescue” or “to be strong.” Lesson 21

—F—

The Family of Man (genealogical charts)—In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis features  genealogical charts based on lineages listed in the biblical text. These are “Adam to Noah’s Three Sons” on page 29, “Noah to Abram & Lot” on page 41, “The Line of Terah” on page 75, “Abraham’s Children” on page 87, and “Children of Esau & Children of Jacob” on page 118. In addition, there is a final genealogical chart, “The Children of Israel Go Down to Egypt,” on page 151.
Fear of Isaac—In the thirty-first chapter in the book of Genesis, Jacob refers to God as the “Fear of Isaac” rather than “the God of Isaac,” a subtle nod to the story of Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son Isaac when asked to do so by God. Lesson 18
ford of Jabbok—See Jabbok. 

—G—

Gad—Gad was the seventh of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Zilpah, the handmaid of Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Gad’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Gad who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including a prediction that Gad’s descendants will be involved in many hostilities. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Gad is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Gad means “luck” or “fortune.” Lessons 17,21,27–28
Gaham—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Gaham as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Gaham means “flaming” or “blackened.” Lesson 13
Galeed—Galeed, also called Mizpah, was east of the Jordan River. Its Aramaic name Jegar-sahadutha corresponds to the Hebrew Galeed and was given by Laban. The location of ancient Galeed is shown on maps on pages 109 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis; in the present day, Galeed refers to the region known as Gilead, which also is east of the Jordan River. Galeed and Jegar-sahadutha both mean “stones of witness”; Mizpah means “watchtower.” Lesson 18
Garden of Eden—See Eden.
Gatam—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Gattam as a descendant of Eliphaz. Gattam means “puny” or “exhausted.” Lesson 21
Gaza—Gaza is mentioned in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis as one of the ancient border cities of the land of Canaan. The tenth chapter in the book of Genesis often is called the “Table of Nations.” Gaza means “strong city.” Lesson 7
Gera—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Gera as the son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Gera moved with the family to Egypt. Gera means “grain” or “kernel.” Lesson 27
Gerar—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, the ancient town of Gerar establishes boundaries in the land of Canaan. The twentieth chapter in the book of Genesis describes Abraham’s sojourn in Gerar, a Philistine territory in what is present-day Israel; Gerar no longer exists. In the twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, the LORD instructs Isaac to go to Gerar instead of Egypt to escape famine. The location of ancient Gerar is shown on maps on pages 71, 93, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Gerar means “lodging place.” Lessons 7,12,15
Gershon—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Gershon as a son of Levi and a descendant of Jacob; Gershon moved with the family to Egypt. Gershon means “exile” or “sojourner.” Lesson 27
Gether—Gether was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Gether’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Gether means “fear.” Lesson 7
Gihon—Although mentioned in the second chapter of the book of Genesis as one of the rivers in the Garden of Eden, the Gihon River no longer exists. Neither does the Pishon River, although both the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers do still exist. Gihon means “gushing.” Lesson 2
Gilead—Gilead, a fertile and mountainous region east of the Jordan River, is first mentioned in the thirty-first chapter in the book of Genesis. The area known as Gilead is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Gilead means “stones of testimony” or “rocky region.” Lessons 18,22
Girgashites—The Girgashites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan being home to the Girgashites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. The territory inhabited by the Girgashites is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Girgashites means “clay” or “black mud.” Lessons 7,9
God, Lord, LORD—The words God and LORD are used repeatedly throughout the book of Genesis to refer to the single deity worshiped by the Hebrews. The two words occasionally are combined as LORD God, but they still refer to the same monotheistic deity. Turning to God’s Word follows accepted website style and uses regular capital letters for the word LORD when it appears in small capital letters in printed biblical text. The word Lord in uppercase and lowercase letters generally is used in Scripture as an honorary title for a human person, but Lord occasionally appears in the book of Genesis to refer to God. Consider why translators of the book of Genesis chose to have Abraham and then Abimelech address God as Lord instead of LORD in the eighteenth and twentieth chapters in the book of Genesis.
God Almighty—The title God Almighty is used throughout Scripture to emphasize the all-powerful nature of the LORD.
God Most High—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Melchizedek as priest of God Most High, a title that focuses on the superlative nature of God. Lesson 8
God of Abraham—God of Abraham is a title that emphasizes God’s covenant relationship with the patriarch Abraham. Lessons 14-16,18–19
God of Bethel—God of Bethel is a title emphasizes the importance of Bethel as a location where the patriarchs had significant encounters with God. Lesson 18
God of Isaac—God of Isaac is a title emphasizes God’s covenant relationship with the patriarch Isaac. Lessons 16,19,27
God of Nahor—In the thirty-first chapter in the book of Genesis, Laban calls upon the God of Nahor to seal his agreement with Jacob. Nahor was a brother of Abraham and the father of both of Jacob’s wives, Leah and Rachel. Lesson 18
God of seeing—In the sixteenth chapter in the book of Genesis, Hagar refers to the LORD as the God of seeing because she believes that she has seen God in the form of an angel and yet lived. Lesson 9
Goiim—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Goiim as one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The location of Goiim is indicated on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Goiim means “nations” or “heathen.” Lesson 8
Gomer—Gomer was a grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Gomer’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Gomer means “sheaf” or “dry measure.” Lesson 7
Gomorrah—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, the ancient town of Gomorrah establishes boundaries in the land of Canaan. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Gomorrah as one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The thirteenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth chapters in the book of Genesis mention God’s destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. The location of Gomorrah is indicated on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Gomorrah means “deep” or “copious.” Lessons 7–8,10–11
Goshen—The forty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records Joseph’s plans for his family to come to Egypt and dwell in the fertile area of Goshen at the mouth of the Nile River. In the forty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis, Pharaoh verifies that this will happen. Goshen means “drawing near.” Lessons 26–27
Great Sea—See Mediterranean Sea.
Guni—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Guni as the son of Naphtali and a descendant of Jacob; Guni moved with the family to Egypt. Guni means “colored” or “dyed.” Lesson 27

—H—

Hadad—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hadad as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Hadad is described as a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Hadad means “joy” or “clamor.” Lessons 15,21
Hadar—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Hadar is identified as a king in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Hadar means “splendor” or “citrus fruit.” Lesson 21
Hadoram—Hadoram was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Hadoram means “glory.” Lesson 7
Hagar—The sixteenth and twenty-first chapters in the book of Genesis identifies Sarai’s Egyptian handmaid Hagar as the mother of Abraham’s son Ishmael. The descendants of Ishmael are listed in the twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. Hagar means “flight” or “forsaken.” Lessons 9,12
Haggi—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Haggi as a son of Gad and a descendant of Jacob; Haggi moved with the family to Egypt. Haggi means “my holidays” Lesson 27
Ham—Ham was one of the three sons of Noah saved in the ark. The details of his story are recorded in the fifth, seventh, ninth, and tenth chapters in the book of Genesis. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ham as a location east of the Jordan River beween Baashan and Moab where the Zuzim dwealt. Ham means “warm” or “servant.” Lessons 5–8
Hamathites—The Hamathites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Hamathites means “hotness” or “people of fortification.” Lesson 7
Hamor—The thirty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Hamor the Hittite as the father of Shechem, whose sexual attack of Dinah angered her brothers. Hamor means “donkey.” Lesson 20
Hamul—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hamul as a son of Perez and a descendant of Jacob; Hamul moved with the family to Egypt. Hamul means “spared” or “pitied.” Lesson 27
Hanoch—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hanoch as a grandson of Abraham; Hanoch’s father was Midian, born to Keturah after Sarah died. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists a different Hanoch as the son of Reuben, a descendant of Jacob; the second Hanoch moved with the family to Egypt. Hanoch means “dedicated.”Lessons 15,27
Haran—Haran was the brother of Abraham; Haran also refers to the town in which Abram was born and from where he set off for the land of Canaan as described in the eleventh and twelfth chapters in the book of Genesis. The twenty-seventh through twenty-ninth chapters in the book of Genesis describe Haran as the place to which Jacob flees to avoid his brother Esau’s wrath, and as the place where Jacob meets and eventually marries Rachel. The location of Haran in Mesopotamia is indicated on maps on pages 47 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. The ancient town usually is identified with the village Harran in present-day Turkey. Haran means “mountaineer.” Lessons 7–8,16–17
Havilah—Havilah was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Havilah means “circle.” Havilah also is mentioned as a geographical area a few instances in Scripture, but scholars aren’t exactly sure where Havilah was. Possibilities include southern Saudi Arabia, Armenia, and India. One potential location of ancient Havilah is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 2,7,15
Hazarmaveth—Hazarmaveth was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Hazarmaveth means “court of death.” Lesson 7
Hazazon-tamar—Hazazon-tamar was an Amorite city later called En-gedi. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Amorites there being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. Hazazon-tamar means “victory divided.” Lesson 8
Hazo—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Hazo as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Hazo means “seeing” or “prophesying.” Lesson 13
Heaven—Heaven is capitalized in the first chapter of the book of Genesis to indicate that God has just created the firmament and named it Heaven. Lesson 1
Heber—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Heber as a son of Beriah and a descendant of Jacob; Heber moved with the family to Egypt. Heber means “togetherness” or “partner.” Lesson 27
Hebrew—The word Hebrew comes from the name Eber, identified in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis as a grandson of Shem and great-grandson of Noah. Throughout the book of Genesis, Hebrews identifies early ancestors of the people God; land of the Hebrews refers to the geographical land of Canaan. The name Eber means “brave and strong boar.”
Hebron—The thirteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Abram built an altar to the LORD at Hebron. The twenty-third chapter in the book of Genesis records that Sarah died at Hebron, also called Kiriath-arba. The location of Hebron, also called Mamre, is shown on maps on pages 47, 65, 81, 93, 123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Hebron means “society” or “alliance.” Lessons 8,11,13,21–22
Heman—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Heman as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Heman means “faithful.” Lesson 21
Hemdan—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hemdan as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Hemdan means “desirable” or “grateful.” Lesson 21
Heth—Heth was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Heth’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Heth means “enclosure.” Lesson 7
Hezon—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hezon as a son of Perez and a descendant of Jacob; Hezon moved with the family to Egypt. Hezon means “division of song.” Lesson 27
Hezron—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hezron as a son of Reuben and a descendant of Jacob; Hezron moved with the family to Egypt. Hezron means “dart of joy.” Lesson 27
Hirah—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Hirah, an Adullamite, was a friend of Jacob’s son Judah. Hirah means “freedom” or “liberty.” Lesson 23
Hittite/Hittites—The Hittites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan being home to the Hittites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. The Hittite empire flourished from about 2300 to 1100 B.C., and they occupied the land of Canaan from the time of Abraham until the Babylon Exile ended in 538 B.C. The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Esau’s Hittite wives made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah. The territory inhabited by the Hittites is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Hittite means “son of terror.” Lessons 9,13,15–16,21,28
Hivite/Hivites—The Hivites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The Hivites originally lived in the geographical region that God promised to the descendants of Abraham. Scholars know very little about the Hivites; they speculate that  Hivite may mean villager or may be related to the Aramaic word for snake. The territory inhabited by the Hivites is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 7,20,21
Hobah—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Hobah was the location north of Damascus to which Abram pursued the four kings who pillaged Sodom and Gomorrah. Hobah means “hiding place.” Lesson 8
Hori—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hori as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Hori means “cave-dweller” or “noble.” Lesson 21
Horite/Horites—The Horites originally lived in Seir before Jacob’s brother Esau arrived there. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Horites being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. Horites mean “cave dwellers.” Lessons 8,21
Hul—Hul was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Hul’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, which often is called the “Table of Nations.” Hul means “writhing.” Lesson 7
Huppim—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Huppim as the son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Huppim moved with the family to Egypt. Huppim means “seashore.” Lesson 27
Husham—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Husham is described as a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Husham means “vehement” or “passionate.” Lesson 21
Hushim—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Hushim as the son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Hushim moved with the family to Egypt. Hushim means “those who hasten.” Lesson 27

—I—

Imnah—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Imnah as a son of Asher and a descendant of Jacob; Imnah moved with the family to Egypt. Imnah means “numbering” or “preparing.” Lesson 27
Iob—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Iob as a son of Issachar and a descendant of Jacob; Iob moved with the family to Egypt. Iob means “cry of woe.” Lesson 27
Irad—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Irad was the grandson of Cain. Irad means “witness” or “fugitive.” Lesson 4
Iram—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Iram as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Iram means “city of the nation.” Lesson 21
Isaac—The son of Abraham and Sarah, Isaac became the father of Jacob and Esau; Isaac also is one of the three primary patriarchs of the Hebrews. In the seventeenth chapter in the book of Genesis, God promises to grant Abraham and Sarah a son, and the LORD instructs Abraham to name this son Isaac, which means “he who laughs.” The twenty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records the birth of Isaac, and the twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis describes details of the near-sacrifice of Isaac on Mount Moriah. The twenty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis describes how Isaac came to marry Rebekah. The twenty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis records how Jacob and Rebekah tricked Isaac into giving Jacob the patriarchal blessing he intended to give to Esau. Lessons 10,12–16,18,21,28
Iscah—The eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis records that Iscah was the sister of Milcah, the wife of Abram’s brother Nahor. Scholars speculate that Iscah and Sarai/Sarah were the same person, but there’s no solid evidence to prove or disprove that claim. Iscah means “to see.” Lesson 7
Ishmael/Ishmaleites—The sixteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Ishmael as the son born to Abram and the Egyptian handmaid of his wife, Sarai. In the seventeenth chapter in the book of Genesisr, Abraham pleads with God to bestow favor on Ishmael. The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Isacc and Ishmael buried Abraham in the cave at Mach-pelah. The twenty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Ishmael as the father of Mahalath, who became the third wife of Esau. The thirty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records that it was the Ishmaelites who sold Joseph to Poti-phar into slavery in Egypt, although the biblical account is unclear whether it was Ishmaelites or Midianites who did this. The location where the Ishmaelites dwelt in the land of Canaan is shown on the map, “Joseph Is Taken to Egypt as a Slave,” on page 123 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Ishmael means “God will hear.” Lessons 9–10,15–16,21–23
Ishbak—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ishbak as a descendant of Abraham born to Keturah after Sarah died. Ishbak means “he will leave.” Lesson 15
Ishvah—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ishvah as a son of Asher and a descendant of Jacob; Ishvah moved with the family to Egypt. Ishvah means “equality.” Lesson 27
Ishvi—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ishvi as a son of Asher and a descendant of Jacob; Ishvi moved with the family to Egypt. Ishvi means “self-satisfaction.” Lesson 27
Israel/Israelites—Israel is a term with a variety of meanings, requiring readers of Scripture to determine the author’s intent depending on context. Israel may refer to the patriarch Jacob, who was renamed Israel by God. In the First and Second Books of the Kings, Israel most often is the name of the northern kingdom that includes all of the tribes except Judah and Benjamin. The fall of the northern kingdom to the Assyrians occurs in 722–721 B.C., after which time its territory was called Samaria, the name of the former northern kingdom’s capital. After the fall of the southern kingdom of Judah in 587–586 B.C., Israel again usually refers to all of the descendants of Jacob. The term Israelites also usually refers to all of the descendants of Jacob, who properly may be called Hebrews. In the time described in the book of Genesis, the religion of Judaism, which is based on Hebrew and Israelite worship practices, hadn’t yet developed, so it’s incorrect to refer to God’s people at that time as Jews. The thirty-second chapter in the book of Genesis describes Jacob’s battle with a mysterious stranger and his name change to Israel, a name-change that God reinforces in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. Israel means “may God prevail” or “he who struggles with God.” Lessons 19–22,25–28
Issachar—Issachar was the ninth of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Issachar’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Issachar who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis contains Jacob/Israel’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including praise for Issachar’s strength. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Issachar is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Issachar means “his reward will come.” Lessons 17,21,27–28
Ithran—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ithran as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Ithran means “redundant” or “abundant.” Lesson 21

—J—

Jabal—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Jabal as a son of Lamech born to his wife Adah, who isn’t to be confused with one of Esau’s wives who sometimes went by the name Adah. Jabal means “to flow along a course.” Lesson 4
Jabbok—The Jabbok River was a small waterway east of the Jordan River; Succoth and Peniel were settled on its banks, and the ford of the Jabbok provided a  place to cross. The location of the Jabbok River is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Jabbok means “place of passing over.” Lesson 19
Jachin—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jachin as a son of Simeon and a descendant of Jacob; Jachin moved with the family to Egypt. Jachin means “thankful.” Lesson 27
Jacob—The Old Testament frequently refers to the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and their covenant with God. The son of Isaac, Jacob was renamed Israel by God, and he became the father of 12 sons whose descendants make up the 12 tribes of Israel. Jacob’s fraternal twin brother Esau settled the land of Edom, a region south of the Dead Sea later called Idumea by the Greeks. The twenty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis describes the beginning of the long history of bad blood between the descendants of Jacob and the descendants of Esau, and the twenty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis begins recording details about Jacob’s journey to Paddan-aram and the difficulties he encounters there. The thirty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records Jacob’s decision to return to the land of Canaan with his family and his property. The thirty-second chapter in the book of Genesis describes Jacob’s battle with a mysterious stranger and his name change to Israel. In the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis, God reinforces the name change; Jacob asks his household and everyone traveling with him from Paddan-aram to put away their idols representing foreign gods. The forty-second chapter in the book of Genesis records that some time after Joseph is sold into slavery, Jacob sends his all of his remaining sons except Benjamin to Egypt to buy food during the famine. The forty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of Jacob’s adoption of Joseph’s sons, including that Ephraim is treated as the first-born of Joseph’s children, even though Manasseh was actually born first. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons. Jacob means “supplanter”; Israel means “may God prevail” or “he who struggles with God.” Lessons 15–22,25–28
Jahleel—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jahleel as a son of Zebulun and a descendant of Jacob; Jahleel moved with the family to Egypt. Jahleel means “waiting on God.” Lesson 27
Jahzeel—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jahzeel as the son of Naphtali and a descendant of Jacob; Jahzeel moved with the family to Egypt. Jahzeel means “God apportions.” Lesson 27
Jalam—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the mother of Esau’s son Jalam was Oholibamah. Scholars speculate that Judith and Oholibamah were the same person. Jalam means “to be hidden.” Lesson 21
Jamin—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jamin as a son of Simeon and a descendant of Jacob; Jamin moved with the family to Egypt. Jamin means “right hand.” Lesson 27
Japheth—Japheth was one of the three sons of Noah saved in the ark. The details of his story are recorded in the fifth, seventh, ninth, and tenth chapters in the book of Genesis. Japheth means “open” or “handsom.” Lessons 5–7
Jared—The fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records Jared born into the line of Seth. Jared means “descending.” Lesson 5
Javan—Javan was a grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Javan’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Javan means “deceiver” or “one who makes sad.” Lesson 7
Jebusites—The Jebusites were descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan being home to the Jebusites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. Jerusalem was a Jebusite stronghold later conquered by David, who made the city his capital. Scholars are uncertain about the original meaning of Jebusite. The territory inhabited by the Jebusites is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 7,9
Jegar-sahadutha—The thirty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records that Jegar-sahadutha, an Aramaic name that corresponds to the Hebrew Galeed, meaning “stones of witness,” was given by Laban to a place east of the Jordan River. The same place was called Galeed by Jacob, and is more commonly referred as Mizpah, which means “watchtower.” The location of Galeed (Mizpah) is shown on maps on pages 109 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lesson 18
Jemuel—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jemuel as a son of Simeon and a descendant of Jacob; Jemuel moved with the family to Egypt. Jemuel means “God is light.” Lesson 27
Jerah—Jerah was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Jerah means “month” or “moon.” Lesson 7
Jetheth—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jetheth as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Jetheth means “secure” or “stable.” Lesson 21
Jetur—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jetur as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. The exact meaning of Jetur is uncertain. Lesson 15
Jeush—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the mother of Esau’s son Jeush was Oholibamah. Scholars speculate that Judith and Oholibamah were the same person. Jeush means “he protects.” Lesson 21
Jezer—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jeezer as the son of Naphtali and a descendant of Jacob; Jezer moved with the family to Egypt. Jezer means “form” or “shape.” Lesson 27
Jidlaph—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Jidlaph as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Jidlaph means “he that distills water.” Lesson 13
Jobab—Jobab was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, another man named Jobab is described as a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Jobab means “shout of joy.” Lessons 7,21
Jokshan—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Jokshan as a descendant of Abraham born to Keturah after Sarah died. Jokshan means “adversary.” Lesson 15
Joktan—Joktan and his twin brother Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. They were descendants of Noah in the line of Shem. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Joktan means “diminished” or “lessened.” Lesson 7
Jordan—The thirteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Lot chooses the valley around the Jordan River as a place to settle in the land of Canaan. The Jordan figures prominently throughout Scripture and the book of Genesis.The location of the Jordan River is shown on maps on pages 47, 65,  71, 93, 123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 8,19,28
Joseph—Joseph was the eleventh of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s favorite wife Rachel. The births of Joseph’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The thirty-third chapter in the book of Genesis records that when Jacob returned to the land of Canaan and was preparing to meet his brother Esau, Joseph and Rachel were sent into Esau’s presence last. The thirty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis recounts how Joseph is sold by his brothers and taken into Egypt as a slave. The thirty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of Joseph’s difficulties in Egypt, beginning with the unwelcome advances of the wife of Poti-phar. In the fortieth chapter in the book of Genesis, Joseph correctly interprets dreams of two men incarceated with him. The forty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Joseph has a silver cup planted in Benjamin’s belongings, and then Joseph accuses Benjamin of stealing it. Judah begs Joseph to accept him in place of keeping Benjamin as a slave. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists all of the immediate descendants of Jacob who join Joseph in Egypt. The forty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of Jacob’s adoption of Joseph’s sons, including that Ephraim is treated as the first-born of Joseph’s children, even though Manasseh was actually born first. Joseph means “may the LORD add increase.” Lessons 17,19,21–28
Jubal—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Jubal as a son of Lamech born to his wife Adah, not to be confused with one of Esau’s wives who sometimes went by Adah. Jubal means “stream” or “ram’s horn.” Lesson 4
Judah—Judah was the fourth of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Judah’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The thirty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis records Judah suggesting to his brothers that they sell Joseph into slavery rather than killing the boy. The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of how Judah became the father of the twins Perez and Zirah; Perez is the ancestor of the David. In the forty-third chapter in the book of Genesis, Judah offers to take responsibility for Benjamin’s return from Egypt. The forty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Joseph has a silver cup planted in Benjamin’s belongings, and then Joseph accuses Benjamin of stealing it. Judah begs Joseph to accept him in place of keeping Benjamin as a slave. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the son of Judah who moves with the family to Egypt, but repeats that Er and Onan die in the land of Canaan before the family of Jacob moves. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including prophetic high praise for Judah. Descendants of Jacob’s son Judah are called Judahites; the term Jew only applies to practitioners of the Hebrew-based religion of Judaism, which develops later around the time of the Babylonian Exile. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Judah is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Judah means “praise.” Lessons 17,21–23,25–28
Judge—In the eighteenth chapter in the book of Genesis, Abraham, in his argument that the LORD not destroy Sodom and Gomorrah, refers to God as “Judge of all the earth.” Lesson 10
Judith—The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Esau’s wife Judith was the daughter of Be-eri the Hittite. The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis doesn’t include anyone named Judith as a wife of Esau. It’s difficult to resolve these apparent contradictions in Scripture. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath, and that Judith and Oholibamah were the same person. All biblical accounts suggest that Esau’s Canaanite wives made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah. Judith means “praised.” Lessons 15,21

—K—

Kadmonites—The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan being home to the Kadmonites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. Kadmonites means “children of the East.” The territory inhabited by the Kadmonites is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Kadmonites means “children of the East.” Lesson 9
Kedar—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Kedar as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Kedar means “dark-skinned.” Lesson 15
Kedemah—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Kedemah as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Kedemah means “eastern” or “ancient.”—Lesson 15
Kadesh—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies En-mishpat as another name for Kadesh. The sixteenth chapter in the book of Genesis uses Kadesh as a landmark by which to locate Beer-lahai-roi, and the twentieth chapter in the book of Genesis mentions Kadesh as a boundary for the Negeb. The location of Kadesh is shown on maps on pages 47, 71, 93, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Kadesh means “holy place”; Emmishpat means “justice.” Lessons 8–9,12
Kemuel—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Kemuel as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Kemuel means “helper of God.” Lesson 13
Kenan—The fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Kenan was born into the line of Seth. Kenan means “possession.” Lesson 5
Kenaz—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Kenaz as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Kenaz means “hunter.” Lesson 21
Kenites—Little is known about the Kenites that doesn’t come from biblical sources. Scholars speculate that they might have been allies of the Israelites. The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan being home to the Kenites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. Kenites means “possessions” or “aquisitions.” Lesson 9
Kenizzites—The Kenizzites were descendants of Kenaz, a grandson of Esau and an Edomite leader. The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan being home to the Kenizzites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. Kenizzites means “centralized strength” or “spear-thrower.” Lesson 9
Keturah—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Keturah as the second wife of Abraham, who married her after Sarah died. Keturah means “incense” or “frangrance.” Lesson 15
King’s Valley—See Shaveh.
Kiriath-arba—The twenty-third chapter records that Sarah dies at Kiriath-arba, also called Hebron. Kiriath-arba means “city of Benjamin.” Lessons 13,21
Kittim—Kittim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Kittim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Kittim means “crushed” or “pulverized.” Lesson 7
Kohath—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Kohath as a son of Levi and a descendant of Jacob; Kahath moved with the family to Egypt. Kohath means “obedience” or “congregation.” Lesson 27
Korah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the mother of Esau’s son Korah was Oholibamah. Scholars speculate that Judith and Oholibaman were the same person. Korah means “baldness.” Lesson 21

—L—

Laban—The twenty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Laban as the brother of Rebekah, who becomes Isaac’s wife. The twenty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis records how Jacob travels to Haran to escape Esau’s wrath after Jacob and Rebekah tricked Isaac into giving the patriarchal blessing to Jacob. The twenty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis begins recording details of Jacob’s life  in Haran and the difficulties he encounters dealing with Laban. Laban means “white.” Lessons 14–19,27
Lamech—Lamech mentioned in the fourth chapter in the book of Genesis was a descendant of Cain; the Lamech mentioned in the fifth chapter in the book of Genesis is a descendant of Seth. Lamech means “powerful.”  Lessons 4–5
land of Canaan—See Canaan.
land of Cush—See Cush.
land of Egypt—See Egypt.
land of Goshen—See Goshen.
land of Moriah—See Moriah.
land of Nod—See Nod.
land of Rameses—See Egypt.
land of Seir—See Edom/Edomites, Seir.
land of Shinar—See Shinar.
land of the Hebrews—See Hebrews.
land of the Philistines—See Philistines.
Lasha—Lasha was an ancient town thought to be near the Salt Sea at the southern edge of the land of Canaan. In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, the ancient town of Lasha establishes boundaries in the land of Canaan. Lesson 7
Leah—The twenty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis introduces Leah, Rachel’s older sister. Laban, the father of Leah and Rachel, tricks Jacob into working seven years to marry Rachel but then substitutes Leah so Jacob has to work an additional seven years to marry Rachel. Leah becomes the mother of six of Jacob’s 12 sons—Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun—as well as the mother of his only daughter, Dinah. Her sons and their immediate descendants who go to Egypt are listed in the forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Leah is buried with the patriarchs in the cave at Mach-pelah. Leah means “delicate” or “weary.” Lessons 17–21,27–28
Lehabim—Lehabim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Lehabim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, which often is called the “Table of Nations.” Lehabim means “fiery” or “flaming.” Lesson 7
Letushim—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Letushim as a grandson of Abraham; Letushim’s father was Dedan, born to Keturah after Sarah died. Letushim means “hammered” or “forged.” Lesson 15
Le-ummim—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Le-ummim as a grandson of Abraham; Le-ummim’s father was Dedan, born to Keturah after Sarah died. Le-ummim means “multitudes” or “without water.” Lesson 15
Levi—Levi was the third of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Levi’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The thirty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis singles out Simeon and Levi  as ringleaders in the revenge attack that kills the males residing at Shechem. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Levi who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including criticism of the violent behavior of both Levi and Simeon. Levi means “joined in harmony.” Lessons 17,20–21,27–28
Lord, LORD—See God, Lord, LORD.
Lot—The twelfth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Lot was the nephew of Abram who traveled with him to the land of Canaan. The thirteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Lot and Abram separate once in the land of Canaan, and the fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes Abram’s rescue of his nephew. The nineteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes God’s rescue of Lot before the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot means “a pebble.” Lessons 7–8,11
Lotan—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Lotan as a son of Seir the Horite. Lotan means “hidden” or “secret.” Lesson 21
Lud—Lud is descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Lud’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Lud means “bending” or “twisted almond tree.” Lessons 7
Ludim—Ludim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Ludim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Ludim means “nativity” or “generation.” Lesson 7
Luz—See Bethel.

—M—

Maacah—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Maacah as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Maacah means “crushed.” Lesson 13
Machir—The fifthieth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Machir as the son of Manasseh and grandson of Joseph. Machir means “sold” or “purchased.” Lesson 28
Mach-pelah—Mach-pelah is the cave that Abraham purchased from Ephron the Hittite to use as a burial place for Sarah. The purchase of the site is recorded in the twenty-third chapter in the book of Genesis. The patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are buried there as well, along with Rebekah and Leah. Rachel is buried near Ephrah (Bethlehem) where she died after giving birth to Benjamin. Mach-pelah originally meant “site of a cave” but has come to mean “tomb of the patriarchs.” Lessons 13,15,28
Madai—Madai was a grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Madai’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Madai means “sufficiency.” Lesson 7
Magdiel—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Magdiel as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Magdiel means “excellence of God.” Lesson 21
Magog—Magog was a grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Magog’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The meaning of Magog is unclear. Lesson 7
Ma-halalel—The fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records Ma-halalel born into the line of Seth. Ma-halalel means “praise of God.” Lesson 5
Mahalath—The twenty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Mahalath, the daughter of Ishmael, as the third wife of Esau. Neither the twenty-sixth chapter nor thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis include anyone named Mahalath as a wife of Esau. It’s difficult to resolve these apparent contradictions in Scripture. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath, and that Judith and Oholibamah are the same person. All biblical accounts suggest that Esau’s Canaanite wives made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah. The thirty-sixth chapter records that Mahalath was the mother of Esau’s son Eliphaz. Mahalath means “beautifully adorned” or “musical.” Lesson 16
Mahanaim—The thirty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Mahanaim as the location east of the Jordan River where Jacob met angels of GOd. Mahanaim means “God’s camp.” Lesson 19
Malchi-el—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Malchi-el as a son of Beriah and a descendant of Jacob; Malchi-el moved with the family to Egypt. Malchi-el means “counsel of God.” Lesson 27
Mamre—The twenty-third and twenty-fifth chapters in the book of Genesis identify Mamre as a location west of Mach-pelah; the fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Mamre as an Amorite ally of Abraham. The location of Mamre is shown on the maps on pages 47, 65, 71, 91,123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Mamre means “vigor” and “strength.” Lessons 8,10,13,15,21,28
Man—In the second chapter of the book of Genesis, the man names the newly created female human being Woman because she was taken out of Man. In the fifth chapter in the book of Genesis, it is God who bestows the name Man on the male human being he has created. Lessons 2,5
Manahath—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Manahath as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Manahath means “restoration” Lesson 21
Manasseh—The forty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records that Manasseh is the first of two sons born to Joseph and his Egyptian wife Asehath. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Manasseh, first referred to as the half-tribe of Manasseh because Joseph’s two sons shared Joseph’s inheritance there, is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Manasseh means “God has made me forget.” Lessons 24,27–28
Mash—Mash was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Mash’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Mash means “drawn by force.” Lesson 7
Masrekah—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Masrekah is described as the home of Samlah, a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Masrekah means “vineyard of noble vines.” Lesson 21
Massa—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Massa as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Massa means “burden” or “tribute.” Lesson 15
Matred—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Matred is identified as the mother of Mehetabel, who was the wife of Hadar, a king in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Matred means “thrusting forward.” Lesson 21
Medan—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Medan as a descendant of Abraham born to Keturah after Sarah died. Medan means “contention” or “to twist.” Lesson 15
Mediterranean Sea—The location of the Mediterranean (Great) Sea is shown on maps on pages 47, 65, 71, 81, 93, 109, 123, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.
Mehetabel—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Mehetabel is identified as the wife of Hadar, a king in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Mehetabel was the daughter of Matred and the granddaughter of Mezahab. Mehetabel means “God benefits.” Lesson 21
Mehuja-el—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Mehuja-el was a descendant of Cain. Mehuja-el means “manifestation of strength.” Lesson 4
Melchizedek—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Melchizedek as “priest of God Most High” as well as king of Salem, possibly Jerusalem. Because there is no suggestion in Scripture of Melchizedek being born or dying, much speculation has arisen around him. The Church doesn’t endorse any ideas that aren’t supported by the biblical text. Melchizedek means “my king is righteousness.” Lesson 8
Merari—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Merari as a son of Levi and a descendant of Jacob; Merari moves with the family to Egypt. Merari means “sad” or “bitter-tasting.” Lesson 27
Mesha—Mesha was a Moabite king and the name of a no-longer-existing city in present-day Jordan. The location is mentioned in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations,” as a boundary to territory in which the descedants of Shem dwelt. Mesha means “deliverance.” Lesson 7
Meshech—Meshech was a grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Meshech’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Meshech means “duration.” Lesson 7
Mesopotamia—The twenty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Abraham sends his servant to find a wife for Isaac in Mesopotamia, the region encompassing the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the northern part of what is known as a fertile crescent. It’s from this area, now Iraq and Kuwait, that Abraham first traveled to the land of Canaan. The location of Mesopotamia is indicated on the map, “Abraham’s Servant Finds a Wife for Isaac,” on page 81 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers.” Lesson 14
Methuselah—The fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records Methuselah born into the line of Seth. Methuselah is the oldest person named in Scripture, living a whopping 969 years. Methuselah means “one sent.” Lesson 5
Methusha-el—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Methusha-el was a descendant of Cain. Methusha-el means “man of God.” Lesson 4
Mezahab—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Mazahab is identified as the grandmother of Mehetable, who was the wife of Hadar, a king in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Mezahab means “water of gold.” Lesson 21
Mibsam—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Mibsam as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Mibsam means “sweet odor.” Lesson 15
Mibzar—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Mibzar as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Mibzar means “defending” or “taking away.” Lesson 21
Midian/Midianites—The Midianites were descendants of Abraham through Midian, a son born to the patriarch after the death of his wife Sarah. Midian’s mother was Keturah, described in the twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis as Abraham’s second wife. The same chapter notes that Abraham gave gifts to the sons of his concubines and sent them away, implying that the patriarch considered Keturah to a concubine. The thirty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Midianite traders as the ones who drew Joseph out of the pit in order to sell him into slavery in Egypt, but the Ishmaelites also are listed as responsible for Joseph’s slavery. Scholars are uncertain about the original meaning of Midian, which may have been “strife” or “judgment.” The location where the Ishmaelites dwelt in the land of Canaan is shown on the map, “Joseph Is Taken to Egypt as a Slave,” on page 123 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. The territory inhabited by the Midianites is shown on maps on pages 157 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 15,21,22
Mighty One of Jacob—Mighty One of Jacob is a title for God used in the forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis. It denotes both the LORD’s strength and power and the close relationship God had with Jacob. It is telling that it is Jacob who uses this title, and that he does so in the portion of his farewell address describing his favorite son Joseph. Lesson 28
Milcah—The eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis records that Milcah was the wife of Abraham’s brother Nahor. The childred she bore to Nahor are listed in the thirteenth chapter in the book of Genesis. Milcah means “queen.” Lessons 7,13–14
Mishma—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Mishma as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Mishma means “fear.”—Lesson 15
Mizpah—Mizpah, also called Galeed or Jegar-Sahadutha, was east of the Jordan River. The location of Mizpah (Galeed) is shown on the maps on pages 109 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Mizpah means “watchtower”; Galeed and Jegar-sahadutha both mean “stones of testimony.” Lesson 18
Mizzah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Mizzah as a descendant of Reuel. Mizzah means “quiet” or “lowness.” Lesson 21
Moab/Moabites—The nineteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Moab was the son of an incestuous union between Lot and Lot’s elder daughter; Moab’s descendants were called Moabites. The descendants of Ben-ammi, the son born of incest between Lot and his elder daughter, were called Ammonites. The territory inhabited by the Moabites is shown on maps on pages 65, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Ben-Ammi means “son of my people,” and Moab means “seed of the father.” Lessons 11,21
Moriah—Moriah is identified in the twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis as the mountain on which Abraham was told by the LORD to sacrifice his son Isaac, and later told not to harm the boy. A possible location of Mount Moriah, which many scholars debate, is shown on maps on pages 81, 93, 109, 123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Moriah means “land chosen by God.” Abraham named the place “the LORD will provide.” Lessons 13–14
Mount Hermon—The location of Mount Hermon is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.
Mount Moriah—See Moriah.
Mount Seir—See Seir.
Muppim—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Muppim as the son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Muppim moved with the family to Egypt. Muppim means “serpents.” Lesson 27

—N—

Naamah—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Naamah as a daughter of Lamech born to his wife Zillah. Naamah means “to be pleasant.” Lesson 4
Naaman—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Naaman as the son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Naaman moved with the family to Egypt. Naaman means “pleasantness.” Lesson 27
Nahath—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Nahath as a descendant of Reuel. Nahath means “quiet” or “lowness.” Lesson 21
Nahor—The eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis records two men named Nahor. One is listed as the father of Terah (Terah is the father of Abram); the other Nahor is listed as one of Abram’s brothers (along with Haran). Abram’s brother Nahor’s immediate descendants are listed in the twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis. Nahor means “hoarse,” “dry,” or “hot.” Lessons 7,14,17
Naphish—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Naphish as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Naphish means “soul” or “he that rests.” Lesson 15
Naphtali—Naphtali was the sixth of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Bilhah, the handmaid of Jacob’s wife Rachel. The births of Naphtali’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Naphtali who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including praise for the physical beauty of Naphtali. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Naphtali is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Naphtali means “my struggle.” Lessons 17,21,27–28
Naph-tuhim—Naph-tuhim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Laph-tuhim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Naph-tuhim means “opener” or “engraver.” Lesson 7
Nebaioth—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Nebaioth as a descendant of Ishmael, who was born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Nebaioth means “a sprout.” Lessons 15–16,21
Negeb—The twenty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis notes that Isaac had been at Beer-lahai-roi and was staying in the Negeb when he met his wife-to-be Rebekah. The location of the Negeb is shown on the maps on pages 47, 71, 81, 93, 109, 123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Negeb sometimes is translated as Negev. Both words mean “dry land.” Lessons 8,12,14
Nephilim—The Nephilim were a mysterious group of people or beings of unusually large size and strength. The sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that they existed before the Great Flood and possibly afterward. Lesson 5
Night—The first chapter in the book of Genesis records that at the beginning of Creation, God divided the light from the darkness and called the darkness Night. Lesson 1
Nile—The Nile River, referred to as the “river of Egypt” in the book of Genesis, is the primary waterway in Egypt. In the forty-first chapter in the book of Genesis, the Nile figures prominently in the dreams of Pharaoh that Joseph interprets. Nile means “river,” “light,” or “shine.” Lessons 9,24
Nimrod—Nimrod was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Nimrod’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, which often is called the “Table of Nations.” Scripture identifies Nimrod as “a mighty hunter before the LORD” and a king of Shinar who also built cities in Assyria. Nimrod means “rebel.” Lesson 7
Nineveh—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, Nimrod is identified as the builder of Nineveh, an acient city located across the Tigris River in what is now Mosul in present-day Iraq. There is academic debate about about whether Nineveh was built by Nimrod or by Shem’s son Asshur. The original meaning of the word Nineveh is unclear but may have referred to a pagan goddess. Lesson 7
Noah—In the fifth chapter in the book of Genesis, Lamech prophesies that his son Noah will bring humanity relief from toil. This foreshadows Noah’s role during the Great Flood, which is described in the sixth through eighth chapters in the book of Genesis. The ninth and tenth chapters in the book of Genesis focus on the repopulation of the world by the descendants of Noah. Noah means “rest” or “repose.” Lessons 5–7
Nod—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis records that when Lot was banished from God’s presence, he went east of the Garden of Eden to the land of Nod. One potential area that might have included the land of Nod is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Nod means “exile.” Lesson 4

—O—

Oak of Moreh—The twelfth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the LORD appears to Abram at Shechem, at a tree called the “Oak of Moreh.” Moreh means “teacher.” The tree may have been in a grove used by Canaanite nature cults. Lesson 8
Oaks of Mamre—The thirteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Abram builds an altar to the LORD at the “Oaks of Mamre” at Hebron. The eighteenth chapter records that the “Oaks of Mamre” was the location where three mysterious strangers appears to Abraham and Sarah. Why might these three visitors sometimes be referred to as the “Old Testament Trinity”? Lessons 8,10
Obal—Obal was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Obal means “bulky” or “stout.” Lesson 7
Ohad—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ohad as a son of Simeon and a descendant of Jacob; Ohad moved with the family to Egypt. Ohad means “cherished.” Lesson 27
Oholibamah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Oholibamah was one of Esau’s Canaanite wives, the daughter of Anah and the granddaughter of Zibeon the Hivite. The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis doesn’t include anyone named Oholibamah as a wife of Esau. It’s difficult to resolve these apparent contradictions in Scripture. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath, and that Judith and Oholibamah were the same person. All biblical accounts suggest that Esau’s Canaanite wives made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah. The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Oholibamah was the mother of Esau’s sons Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. The same chapter lists her as a chief in Edom. Oholibamah means “tent of the high places.” Lesson 21
Omar—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Omar as a descendant of Eliphaz. Omar means “eloquent.” Lesson 21
On—In the forty-first chapter in the book of Genesis, Potiphera is identified as Joseph’s Egyptian father-in-law. Potiphera is a priest settled in the city of On, better known by its Greek name Heliopolis. On means “abode of the sun.” Lessons 24,27
Onam—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Onam as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Onam means “able” or “vigorous.” Lesson 21
Onan—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Onan as the second son of Judah. The same chapter records that Tamar became Onan’s wife after Er’s death, but Onan displeased the LORD and also died before Tamar could bear any children. Onan and his brother Er both died before the family of Jaob moved to Egypt. Onan means “pain” and “inequity.” Lessons 23,27
Ophir—Ophir was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and  Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Ophir means “gold” or “fruitful region.” Lesson 7

—P—

Paddan, Paddan-aram—Scholars are uncertain whether Paddan and Paddan-aram refer to the entire region of Aram or merely to a specific portion. The general location of Padden-aram is indicated on  maps on pages 109 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons15–16,18–19,21,27,28
Pallu—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Pallu as a son of Reuben and a descendant of Jacob; Pallu moved with the family to Egypt. Pallu means “separated” or “distinguished.” Lesson 27
Paran—The twenty-first chapter in the book of Genesis records that Ishmael dwelt in an area in the southern part of the land of Canaan known as Paran. The location of the wilderness of Paran is indicated on the maps on pages 71, 81, 93, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lesson 12
Pau—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Pau is the city of Hadar, who was a king in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Paul means “howling.” Lesson 21
Pathrusim—Pathrusim was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Pathrusim’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Pathrusim means “mouthful of dough” or “persuasion of ruin.” Lesson 7
Peleg—Peleg and his twin brother Joktan were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. They were descendants of Noah in the line of Shem, and it is into the line of Peleg that the patriarchs were born. The lineage of Peleg and Joktan is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Peleg means “division.” Lesson 7
Peniel/Penuel—Penuel is a settlement east of the Jordan River on the banks of the Jabbok River. It was at at this location that Jacob wrestled with a mysterious stranger and received the name change to Israel. The thirty-second chapter in the book of Genesis records two different spellings for this settlement—Peniel and Penuel. Peniel most liikely reflects the name and pronunciation common during Jacob’s time, and Penuel reflects the name and pronunciation at a later time when the oral book of Genesis was written down. Its location is shown on maps on pages 109 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Both names mean “face of God.” Lesson 19
Perez—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Perez as one of the twins born to Tamar after she deceived Judah by pretending to be a harlot. Perez’s twin brother was Zerah. The line of Perez continues through David to Jesus. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Perez as a son of Judah and a descendant of Jacob. It was this Perez who moved with the family to Egypt. Perez means “breach.” Lessons 23,27
Perizzites—The thirteenth and fifteenth chapters in the book of Genesis describe the land of Canaan being home to the Perizzites before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. The Perizzites aren’t mentioned in the Table of Nations in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, but it’s known that they occupied territory west of the Jordan River and north of the Dead Sea during the time of the patriarchs. Although the Perizzites often are considered identical to the Amorites, scholars speculate that the term Perizzites, which means “rural person,” was used only to describe Canaanites who didn’t live in cities. The territory inhabited by the Perizzites is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.Lessons 8–9,20
Persian Gulf—The location of the Persian Gulf is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 of In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lesson 2
Pharaoh—Pharaoh is a title given to the rulers in Egypt. Pharaohs held power equivalent to that of kings. The term “princes of Pharaoh” in the twelfth chapter in the book of Genesis refers to male members of Pharaoh’s royal household. In the forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Pharaoh sends wagons to transport Joseph’s family from the land of Canaan to Egypt. The word Pharaoh means “ruler.” Lessons 8,22–28
Phicol—In the twenty-first and twenty-fifth chapters in the book of Genesis, Phicol is mentioned as the commander of Abimelech’s army. Phicol means “every tongue.” Lessons 12,15
Philistines—Philistines refers to people who live in the land of the Philistines, also sometimes called Philistia, a coastal region along the Mediterranean Sea. The Philistines also are referred to as “sea peoples.” The tenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the Philistines were descended from Noah through the line of Ham. The twenty-first chapter locates Gerar in the land of the Philistines. In the present day, Philistine has come to mean a person indifferent or even hostile to culture and the arts. The area where the Philistines settled is shown on maps on pages 71, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 7,12,15
Phoenicians—The territory inhabited by the Phoenicians is shown on maps on pages 157 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.
Pildash—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Pildash as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Pildash means “iron” or “strength.” Lesson 13
Pinon—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Pinon as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. The meaning of Pinon is uncertain. Lesson 21
Pishon—Although mentioned in the second chapter of the book of Genesis as one of the rivers serving the Garden of Eden, the Pishon River no longer exists. Neither does the Gihon River, although both the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers still exist. Pishon means “to jump” or “to bounce.” Lesson 2
Poti-phar—The thirty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Poti-phar as an official of Egypt to whom Joseph is sold as a slave. The thirty-ninth chapter records details of Joseph’s difficulties with unwelcome advances from the wife of Poti-phar. Lessons 22–23
Potiphera—In the forty-first chapter in the book of Genesis, Potiphera is identified as Joseph’s Egyptian father-in-law. Potiphera was an Egyptian priest. Potiphera means “he whom Ra has given.” Lessons 24,27
priest of God Most High—See God Most High.
princes of Pharaoh—See Pharaoh.
Put—Put was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Put’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Put means “a bow.” Lesson 7
Puvah—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Puvah as a son of Issachar and a descendant of Jacob; Puvah moved with the family to Egypt. Puvah means “mouth” or “command.” Lesson 27

—Q—

—R—

Raamah—Raamah was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Raamah’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Raamah means “lofty” or “exalted.” Lesson 7
Rachel—The twenty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis introduces Rachel, the daughter of Laban; she becomes Jacob’s favorite wife, but only after Laban first tricks Jacob into marrying her older sister Leah. Rachel is the mother of two of Jacob’s 12 sons—Joseph and Benjamin. The thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Rachel dies giving birth to Benjamin; she is buried near Bethlehem. Her sons and their immediate descendants who go to Egypt are listed in the forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. Rachel means “ewe” or “female sheep.” Lessons 17–19,21,27–28
Rebekah—The thirteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Rebekah was the granddaughter of Abraham’s brother Nahor. The twenty-fourth chapter provides details about how Rebekah came to be the wife of Abraham’s son Isaac. The twenty-sixth chapter records difficulties in Gerar when Isaac claims Rebekah is his sister instead of his wife. The twenty-seveth chapter in the book of Genesis records how Rebekah and Jacob trick Isaac into giving Jacob the patriarchal blessing he intended to give to Esau. Although the forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis  records that Rebekah is buried with the patriarchs in the cave at Mach-pelah, no details are provided about how or when Rebekah died. Rebekah means “to tie firmly.” Lessons 13–17,21,28
Rehoboth—The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Rehoboth was the name of a well that wasn’t fought over by Isaac’s herdsmen and the herdsmen of Garar. In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, a different Rehoboth is described as the town on the Euphrates River. This Rehoboth was the home of Shaul, a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Rehoboth means “open space in which to prosper.” Lessons 15,21
Rehoboth-Ir—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, Nimrod is identified as the builder of Rehoboth-Ir, an acient city located in upper Mesopotamia in what is now Iraq. Rehoboth-Ir means “streets of the town.” Lesson 7
Rephaim—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Rephaim being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. The fifteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the land of Canaan being home to the Rephaim before God promised the territory to the descendants of Abraham. The territory inhabited by the Rephaim is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Rephaim means “faded ones.” Lessons 8–9
Resen—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, Nimrod is identified as the builder of Resen, an acient city located in upper Mesopotamia in what is now Iraq. Resen means “a bridle.” Lesson 7
Reu—The eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis records that Rue was the son of Peleg. Peleg and his twin brother Joktan were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. They are descendants of Noah in the line of Shem, and it is into the line of Peleg and Reu that the patriarchs are born. Reu means “division.” Lesson 7
Reuben—Reuben was the first of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Reuben’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Reuben lay with Jacob’s concubine Bilhah, an act that alienated him from his father. The thirty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis records that Reuben talks his brothers out of murdering Joseph. The forty-second chapter in the book of Genesis records Reuben reminding his brothers of their role in having Joseph sold into slavery. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Reuben who moved to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter contains Jacob/Israel’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including criticism of Reuben’s behavior with Bilhah. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Reuben is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Reuben means “behold, a son.” Lessons 17,21–22,25,27–28
Reuel—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that the mother of Esau’s son Reuel was Basemath. Scholars speculate that both Adah and Mahalath went by Basemath, and that the mother of Reuel was Ishmael’s daughter, also called Mahalath. Reuel means “friend of God.” Lesson 21
Reumah—Reumah was the concubine of Abraham’s brother Nahor. She was the mother of four children, who are listed in the twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis. Reumah means “lofty” or “sublime.” Lesson 13
Riphath—Riphath was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Riphath’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Riphath means “remedy.” Lesson 7
river of Egypt—See Nile.
Rock of Israel—Rock of Israel is a title for God is used in the forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis. It denotes the LORD’s steadfastness in relationship with Israel, the name he gave to Jacob. It is Jacob who uses this title in the portion of his farewell address describing Joseph. Lesson 28
Rosh—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Rosh as the son of Benjamin and a descendant of Jacob; Rosh moved with the family to Egypt. Rosh means “head” or “leader.” Lesson 27

—S—

Sabtah—Sabtah was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Sabtah’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Sabtah means “circulating” or “old age.” Lesson 7
Salem—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Melchizedek as king of Salem. Many scolars speculate that Salem is an early settlement on the site of what would later become Jerusalem.  The location of Salem is shown on maps on pages 47, 93, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Salem, which is related to the word shalom, means “peace.” Lesson 8
Salt Sea—The Valley of Siddim was located near the Salt Sea. The Salt Sea, commonly referred to as the Dead Sea in the present day, is shown on maps on pages 47, 65, 71, 81, 93,109, 123, 157, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lesson 8
Samlah—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Samlah is described as a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. Samlah means “left hand” or “astonishment.” Lesson 21
Sarah/Sarai—The eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis introduces Sarai as the wife of Abram. The twelfth chapter records that Sarai accompanied her husband when he traveled from Haran to the land of Canaan. The sixteenth chapter begins the story of how Sarai’s handmaid came to be  the mother of Abraham’s son Ishmael. Sarai means “palace.” The seventeenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes the LORD changing Sarai’s name to Sarah, which means “princess.” The twentieith and twenty-first chapters record details of the birth of Isaac. The twenty-third chapter in the book of Genesis records Sarah’s death. The forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Sarah was the first person to be buried in the cave at Mach-pelah. Lessons 7–10,12–15,28
Sateca—Sabteca was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Sabteca’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Sabteca means “determined movement” or “great oppression.” Lesson 7
Seas—The first chapter in the book of Genesis records that at the beginning of Creation, God gathered the waters and called them Seas. Lesson 1
Seba—Seba was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Seba’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Seba means “he drank wine.” Lesson 7
Seir—See Edom/Edomites, Seir.
Sephar—The location of Sephar is mentioned in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations,” as a boundary to territory in which the descedants of Shem dwelt. Sephar means “book.” Lesson 7
Serah—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Serah as a daughter of Asher and a descendant of Jacob; Serah moved with the family to Egypt. Serah means “abundance” or “princess.” Lesson 27
Sered—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Sered as a son of Zebulun and a descendant of Jacob; Sered moved with the family to Egypt. Sered means “fear” or “trembling.” Lesson 27
Serug—The eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis records that Serug was the son of Reu and the grandson of Peleg. All are ancestors of the patriarchs. Serug means “branch.” Lesson 7
Seth—The fourth and fifth chapters in the book of Genesis identify Seth as the child born to Adam and Eve after Cain slew Abel. Seth means “appointed” or “placed.” Lessons 4–5
Shammah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shammah as a descendant of Reuel. Shammah means “there” or “at that place.” Lesson 21
Shaul—In the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, Shaul is described as a ruler in Edom before there were any earthly monarchs ruling over the 12 tribes of Israel. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists a different Shaul as a son of Simeon and a descendant of Jacob; this Shaul moved with the family to Egypt. Shaul means “prayed for.” Lessons 21,27
Shaveh—The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis indentifies the Valley of Shaveh, also called the King’s Valley, as the place where Abram met Melchizedek. It is near Jerusalem. The location of the Valley of Shaveh is shown on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Shaveh means “calm.” Lesson 8
Shaveh-kiriathaim—Shaveh-kiriathaim was a city of the Emim in the uplands of Moab. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Emim being subdued by the four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. Shaveh-kiriathaim means “plain of two cities” or “plain of double meaning.” Lesson 8
Sheba—Sheba was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists another Sheba as a son of Jokshan. Sheba means “oath.” Lessons 7,15
Shechem—The twelfth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Abram passes through the region of Shechem when he first arrives in the land of Canaan, and the thirty-third chapter records that Shechem is on Jacob’s route when he returns from Paddan-aram with his family and belongings. The thirty-fourth chapter identifies Shechem the son of Hamor the Hittite as the man who sexually attacks Jacob’s daughter Dinah. The thirty-seventh chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Shechem as the location where Joseph is sent just before his brothers sell him into slavery. The location of Shechem is shown on the maps on pages 47, 93, 109, 123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Shechem means “shoulder” or “saddle.” Lessons 8,19,21–22
Shelah—Shelah is descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Shelah’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis lists another Shelah as the third son of Judah, but Judah delays a marriage between Shelah and Tamar, the widow of his first two sons, Er and Onan. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shelah as a son of Judah and a descendant of Jacob; Shelah moved with the family to Egypt. Shelah means “quiet paryer.” Lessons 7,23,27
Sheleph—Sheleph was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktah and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Sheleph means “drawn out.” Lesson 7
Shem—Shem was one of the three sons of Noah saved in the ark. The details of his story are recorded in the fifth, seventh, ninth, and tenth chapters in the book of Genesis. Shem means “name” or “fame.” Lessons 5–7
Shemeber—Shemeber was a king who ruled over the region of Zeboiim, one of territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. Shemeber means “name of force” or “name of the strong.” Lesson 8
Sheol—In the final chapters in the book of Genesis, Jacob mourns the loss of his son Joseph and bemoans the idea of going to Sheol without seeing Joseph again. Sheol is the Hebrew idea of the abode of the dead; all souls, regardless of their actions while alive, were consigned to Sheol after death. Sheol means “abode of the dead.” Lesson 22,25–26
Shepherd—Shepherd as a title for God is used in the forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis. It denotes the LORD’s care and concern for humanity, and especially for Jacob. It is telling that Jacob uses this title in the portion of his farewell address describing his favorite son Joseph. Lesson 28
Shepho—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shepho as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Shepho means “desert.” Lesson 21
Shibah—See Beer-sheba.
Shillem—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shillem as the son of Naphtali and a descendant of Jacob; Shillem moved with the family to Egypt. Shillem means “union.” Lesson 27
Shimron—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shimron as a son of Issachar and a descendant of Jacob; Shimron moved with the family to Egypt. Shimron means “watch” or “watch place.” Lesson 27
Shinab—Shinab was a king who ruled over the region of Admah, one of territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. Shinab means “father’s tooth.” Lesson 8
Shinar—The tenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Shinar as the land in which Nimrod established an ancient kingdom that included Babel, Erech, and Accad. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Shinar as one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram/’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The location of Shinar is indicated on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Shinar means “watch of him who sleeps.” Lessons 7,8
Shobal—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shobal as a son of Seir the Horite. Shobal means “overflowing.” Lesson 21
Shua—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies the Canaanite Shua as the wife of Judah and the mother of his sons Er, Onan, and Shelah. Shua means “opulence” or “cry for help.” Lesson 23
Shuah—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shuah as a descendant of Abraham born to Keturah after Sarah died. Shuah means “humiliation.” Lesson 15
Shuni—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Shuni as a son of Gad and a descendant of Jacob; Shuni moved with the family to Egypt. Shuni means “calm” “peace.” Lesson 27
Shur—Scholars speculate that Shur originally was a defensive wall or enclosure at the northeast edge of the border between Egypt and the Arabian desert built by the Egyptians to protect them from attack by nomadic desert tribes. The wilderness of Shur refers to the sparsely populated area between Egypt and Philistia. The sixteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies the region as the area to which Sarai’s handmaid Hagar flees after becoming pregnant with Abram’s son Ismael. The location of the wilderness of Shur is shown on the maps on pages 47, 71, 81, 93, 109, 123, and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Shur means “wall.” Lessons 9,12,15
Sidon—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, the town of Sidon in Lebanon on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea establishes boundaries in the land of Canaan. Sidon also refers to a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Ham. Sidon’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The territory of Sidon is mentioned in connection with Zebulun in Jacob’s farewell address recorded the forty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis. Sidon means “an honorable man or senior of elevated standing.” Lessons 7,28
Siddom—The Valley of Siddim is an area around the Salt Sea. The location of the Valley of Siddim is shown on the maps on pages 47, 65 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lesson 8
Simeon—Simeon was the second of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Simeon’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The thirty-fourth chapter in the book of Genesis singles out Simeon and Levi as ringleaders in the revenge attack that kills the males residing at Shechem. The forty-second chapter in the book of Genesis records that Joseph has Simeon remain in Egypt until the brothers can return with Benjaim. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Simeon who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including criticism of the violent behavior of both Simeon and Levi. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Simeon is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. That territory, situated in territory allotted to the tribe of Judah, eventually becomes swallowed up by the Judahites. Simeon means “God is listening.” Lessons 17,20–21,25,27–28
Sinites—The Sinites are descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Sinites means “thorn.” Lesson 7
Sitnah—The twenty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Sitnah was the name of a well fought over by Isaac’s herdsmen and the herdsmen of Garar. Sitnah means “hatred” or “hostility.” Lesson 15
Sodom—In the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, the ancient town of Sodom establishes boundaries in the land of Canaan. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Sodom as one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The thirteenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth chapters mention God’s destruction of the two cities, Sodom and Gomorrah. The probable location of Sodom is shown on maps on pages 47 and 65 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Sodom means “a place notoritous for vice and corruption.” Lessons 7–8,10–11
sons of God—Although conflicting theories abound about the identity of the sons of God mentioned in the sixth chapter in the book of Genesis, early Church fathers generally understood the term to refer to offspring of Seth who had married outside the faith. Lesson 5
sons of Israel—Sons of Israel refers to the 12 sons of the patriarch Jacob and the founders of the 12 tribes of Israel. Lessons 25–28
sons of Jacob—See sons of Israel.
Spirit of God—Throughout the Old Testament, Spirit, a word related to breathing and inspiration, is capitalized to refer to the soul or essence of God. In the New Testament, the Trinitarian nature of God’s Spirit is emphasized by referring to the essence of God as the Holy Spirit.
Succoth—Succoth was a settlement near Peniel on the banks of the Jabbok River east of the Jordan Rive. The location of Succoth in the land of Canaan is shown on maps on pages 109 and 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. This Succoth isn’t to be confused with the stopping point just north of the Gulf of Suez on the Israelites’ journey out of Egypt. Succoth has several alternate spellings, including Sukkot; all forms of the word mean “to weave a protection.” Succoth is related to words for “tents” and “tabernacles” and is given to the Hebrew harvest festival called the feast of Succoth or the feast of Tabernacles. Lesson 19

—T—

Tahash—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Tahash as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Tahash means “dolphin” or “sea cow.” Lesson 13
Tamar—The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis records details of how Tamar became the mother of Judah’s fourth and fifth sons, the twins Perez and Zerah. This places Tamar in the line of earthly ancestors of Jesus. Tamar means “palm tree.” Lesson 23
Tarshish—Tarshish was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Tarshish’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Tarshish means “the sea coast.” Lesson 7
Tebah—The twenty-second chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Tebah as a descendant of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Tebah means “ark” or “box.” Lesson 13
Tema—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Tema as a descendant of Ishmael, a son of Abraham born to Hagar before Sarah gave birth to Isaac. Tema means “tree.” Lesson 15
Teman/Temanites—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Teman as a descendant of Esau and a chief in Edom. Teman also refers to a geographical area including a settlement in the land of Edom, and Temanites refers to descendants of Teman who dwell in that area. Teman means “on the right” or “south.” Lesson 21
Terah—The eleventh chapter in the book of Genesis records that Terah is the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. Terah’s father also was named Nahor. Terah means “old fool” or “wild goat.” Lesson 7
Tidal—Tidal was a king who ruled over the region of Goiim, one of territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. The meaning of Tidal is uncertain. Lesson 8
Tigris—The Tigris River is located to the north and east of the land of Canaan in Mesopotamia, and it was one of the boundaries of the geographical region that God promised to the descendants of Abraham. The location of the Tigris River is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Tigris means “fast” or “arrow-like.” Lesson 2
Timna—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Timna as the concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz. Timna was the daughter of Seir the Horite; she also was the mother of Amalek. Timna means “restraint.” Lesson 21
Timnah—The settlement of Timnah was on the northern border of territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Judah. The location of Timnah is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Timnah means “portion.” Lesson 23
Tiras—Tiras was a grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Tiras’ lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Tiras means “desirable.” Lesson 7
Togarmah—Togarmah was a great-grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Togarmah’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Togarmah means “bone.” Lesson 7
Tola—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Tola as a son of Issachar and a descendant of Jacob; Tola moved with the family to Egypt. Tola means “crimson worm” or “scarlet stuff.” Lesson 27
Tower of Babel—The assumed location of the Tower of Bable is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lesson 2
Tubal—Tubal was a grandson of Noah, born into the line of Japheth. Tubal’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Tubal means “the world.” Lesson 7
Tubal-cain—The fourth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Tubal-cain as a son of Lamech born to his wife Zillah. Tubal-cain means “Cain’s spices.” Lesson 4
Tyre—The settlement of Tyre is shown on the map, “The Land of Canaan at the Time of the Patriarchs,” on page 170 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis.

—U—

Ur—The location of one settlement called Ur is shown on the map, “Possible Locations of the Garden of Eden,” on page 14 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 2,9
Ur of the Chaldeans—See Chaldeans.
Uz—Uz was descended from Noah through the line of Shem. Uz’s lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” The twenty-third chapter in the book of Genesis records that another Uz was the name of a son of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Yet a third Uz is recorded as a grandson of Seir in the thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. Uz means “counsel.” Lessons 7,13,21
Uzal—Uzal was one of the sons of Joktan, the twin brother of Peleg. Joktan and Peleg were sons of Eber, from whom the Hebrews take their name. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Uzal means “vanish” or “going away.” Lesson 7

—V—

valley of Hebron—See Hebron.
Valley of Shaveh—See Shaveh.
Valley of Siddim—See Siddim.

—W—

wilderness of Paran—See Paran.
wilderness of Shur—See Shur.
Woman—In the second chapter of the book of Genesis, after God creates a female human being from a  rib of the newly created man, the man names the newest creature Woman. Lesson 2

—X—

—Y—

—Z—

Zaavan—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Zaavan as a grandson of Seir the Horite. Zaavan means “to tremble in fear.” Lesson 21
Zaphenath-paneah—In the forty-first chapter in the book of Genesis, Pharaoh calls Joseph Zaphenath-paneah, which means “he who deciphered the hidden.” Lesson 24
Zeboiim—Zeboiim refers to a region ruled by king Shemeber. Zeboiim was one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. The location of Zeboiim is shown on the map, “Abram Leaves His Homeland & Later Rescues Lot,” on page 47 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Zeboiim means “to devour” or “to swallow.” Lessons 7–8
Zebulun—Zebulun was the sixth of Jacob’s 12 sons; his mother was Jacob’s wife Leah. The births of Zebulun’s 11 brothers are recorded in the twenty-ninth through thirtieth chapters and in the thirty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists the sons of Zebulun who go to Egypt. The forty-ninth chapter contains Jacob’s farewell address to his 12 sons, including foretelling that descendants of Zebulun will dwell by the sea. The territory in the land of Canaan allotted to the tribe of Zebulun is shown on the map, “Where the Israelites Settle in the Promised Land,” on page 157 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Zebulun means “joined in harmony.” Lessons 17,21,27–28
Zemarites—The Zemariites are descended from Noah through the line of Canaan. Their lineage is described in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis, often called the “Table of Nations.” Zemarites means “thirst for power” or “despot.” Lesson 7
Zepho—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Zepho as a descendant of Eliphaz. Zepho means “observing” or “covering.” Lesson 21
Zerah—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Zerah as the son of Reuel and grandson of  Esau. The thirty-eighth chapter in the book of Genesis identifies a different Zerah as one of the twins born to Tamar after she deceived Judah by pretending to be a prostitute. Zerah’s twin brother was named Perez. It is the line of Perez that continues through David to Jesus. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Zerah as a son of Judah and a descendant of Jacob; it is this Zerah who moved with the familiy to Egypt. Zerah means “dawn.” Lessons 21,23,27
Zibeon—The thirty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Zibeon as a son of Seir the Horite. Zibeon means “robber.” Lesson 21
Zillah—Zillah is identified in the fourth chapter in book of Genesis as one of Lamech’s two wives. Zillah means “shadow” or “bell.” Lessons 4
Zilpah—The twenty-ninth chapter in the book of Genesis records that Laban gave Zilpah as a handmaid to his daughter Leah. As Jacob’s concubine, Zilpah became the mother of two of Jacob’s 12 sons. Her sons and their immediate descendants who go to Egypt are listed in the forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis. Zilpah means means “fraility.” Lessons 17,21–22,27
Zimran—The twenty-fifth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Zimran as a descendant of Abraham born to Keturah after Sarah died. Zimran means “vine dresser” or “celebrated.” Lesson 15
Ziphion—The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists Ziphion as a son of Gad and a descendant of Jacob; Ziphion moved with the family to Egypt. Ziphion means “observor.” Lesson 27
Zoar—The thirteenth chapter in the book of Genesis mentions Zoar to help locate the area chosen by Lot to dwell in the land of Canaan. Zoar also is referred to as Bela and identified as one of the territories involved in the battle in which Abram’s nephew Lot was taken captive. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis describes details. The nineteenth chapter describes how Zoar got its name, which means “small” or “insignificant.” The location of Bela (Zoar) is shown on maps on pages 47 and 65 in In the Beginning: The Book of Genesis. Lessons 8,11 
Zohar—The twenty-third chapter in the book of Genesis identifies Zohar as the father of Ephron the Hittite from whom Abraham purchased the cave at Mach-pelah. The forty-sixth chapter in the book of Genesis lists a different Zohar as a son of Simeon and a descendant of Jacob; this Zohar moved with the family to Egypt. Zohar means “brightness.” Lessons 13,15,27
Zuzim—The Zuzim, a primitive tribe perhaps related to the Rephaim, originally lived in the area of Ham beween Baashan and Moab. The fourteenth chapter in the book of Genesis records the Zuzim being subdued by four kings—Amraphel, Arioch, Ched-or-laomer, and Tidal. Zuzim means “restless.” Lesson 8